Beyond the Horizon: Magellan's Uncharted Odyssey

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Ferdinand Magellan sought to do something

no one had been known to have done

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in the history of ocean travel

to the point of his massive journey.

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Just over two decades

after the semi failure of Krissy Colombo

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for the day and had been assigned

a fleet of five ships to go west so far

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that they would end up in the east

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around the world

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in way more than 80 days.F

This task would be the legacy of Magellan,

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and he would never do another,

nor would he even finish this one.

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Only 7% of the original crew

would reach their goal

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with without desertion, detaining

or death.

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It remains a pivotal mission that marked

the moment when the growing influence

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over navigable waters met with one another

in a way that had never been done.

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Who was Magellan?

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Why was he the man

to undertake this mission?

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And how did it fail so spectacularly?

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Today we learn all of that on another

episode of The Remedial Scholar.

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That's ancient history.

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History.

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I feel I was denied

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credit critically.

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I need to know information.

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Information

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belong to the CMC.

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Stop.

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Stop in your remedial class.

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Hello, everyone,

and welcome to the remedial scholar.

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I am Levi and thank you for joining me

today on a massive oceanic adventure.

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Those of you who are returning got a taste

of this topic in the Pirates episode.

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But today we are taking it

to a much more in-depth level.

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If you're new here, welcome.

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You have a lot of fun facts to learn.

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You don't need to listen to this episode

to understand the Pirates

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episode or vice versa, but you can listen

to either one at your leisure.

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I mean, personally, I would recommend

listening to the Pirates one first

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because there's a lot

more historical context that gets placed,

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but this should work in conjunction

with one another so you can learn the max

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amount of facts about ocean travel

and the dangers that come with it.

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If you are new here

and you learn something interesting today.

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Do me a favor.

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Leave me a review or a comment on this

on YouTube or in the Facebook group.

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These are some of the things

that you can do to help improve

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some of the algorithmic devices

that can help others discover the show.

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If you want to take it a step further,

you can check out the merch link for

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that is in the description and available

at the link tree slash remedial scholar.

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You can just type that into Google

and it will be the top item in the search

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so that there's that a lot of fun

designs in the merch store,

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some new ones, the play Freebird shirts,

which are inspired

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by the Singing Revolutions episode.

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Last week's episode

a rousing sounds of freedom

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breaking out at folk festivals

inspired the idea.

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Also, a metal band from the eighties

of the early metal pioneer

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bands that never existed,

like Lithuanian book smugglers.

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These are the new ones

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that I think they're pretty fantastic

and just in time for Christmas.

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So tell your friends.

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All right,

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that's it for any announcements

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or anything front office

related onto the actual content.

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You're here for the hot details

you yearn for.

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All right.

Maybe that that might have been too much.

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Anyway, let's get into it.

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Today will be a bit of a biographical mix

with world context, a dash of world

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building with where the age of sale

was during this time,

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starting with the world at large,

an age of sale to the point where Magellan

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was born and into his career

before going into accomplishments,

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and then the actual circumnavigation

mission and where it all went wrong.

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And we're right.

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Also set at the end of the last episode

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that there was a lot of this

that was cut from the Pirates episode.

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Most of it wasn't included

due to the simple fact

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that I didn't really feel like Magellan

needed to be included as his escapades.

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Specifically, his are not quite

what I would call pirate behavior,

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so I deleted it.

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But the story was so interesting

that I felt that it needed to be told.

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And that's what I'm doing today.

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Resurrecting this from the cutting room

floor to give to you all.

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So I hope you enjoy it.

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So what was the world like before

Magellan entered the pages of history?

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Well, as previously discussed

in the Pirates episode,

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the race was on to get,

you know, get to Asia with a quickness.

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The Portuguese had already decided

to go around the Horn of Africa.

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Spain's decision

was to sail west, to go east,

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which was an idea of insanity

that we imagine.

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We kind of have this

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this perception that they had no idea

what they were doing back then

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and retroactively and incorrectly assigned

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that these people back then

assumed that there was no way to do this.

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People have this misconception

that they were looking for

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the end of the world,

but really what they were doing

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was looking to find

what land was in the way.

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If any.

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Unchartered waters

is a bit of an understatement

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in this endeavor,

because up until this point,

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nobody had really decided just to sail

straight out into the open ocean.

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There's a lot of coastal

sailing, hugging coasts

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and keeping far out enough from the coast

that you're not going to get caught

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by lake reefs and things like that,

but not that far into the ocean itself.

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And also you could get the stronger winds

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that were out a little deeper

into the end of the ocean.

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We'll talk about the insanity

of going into the open ocean later on.

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But I just wanted to highlight where

everyone was at their sailing missions

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at this point.

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But this was the so-called age

of exhilaration in the eyes of the people

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that hadn't been in those places.

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But obviously, you know,

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people lived in those places

just just a little bit different.

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The War of Roses from: 1455

had kind of

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put the brakes on England

and their Oceanic travels.

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They had some internal work to do.

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Portuguese really had a monopoly

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on trade route

to Asia, setting up bases around Africa.

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And while that was successful, the Dutch

and the French kind of followed suit,

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basically just risking that they weren't

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going to get caught by the Portuguese at

that point and doing the exact same thing.

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The main goal was to get, you

know, trade flowing, but bulk of it was

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truly was spices, which is kind of funny

to think about it being so valuable

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that it was nothing like pepper per

pound was worth more than two days

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worth of work and cloves in the same way

it was up to worth up to five days of work

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for one medieval craftsman

and one source I found and another source

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I found that certain spices can be double

their weight in gold,

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which is kind of insane.

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So what made them so expensive?

Well, short answer.

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And the answer given to the consumers

was that it was hard to come by.

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Was this particularly true that slightly

the main issue was that it was far away

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and for the general population

who didn't have a ship, it a super faraway

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ship, travel was somewhat difficult.

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But once the routes had been established

and you kind of had bases along the way,

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port cities

that you could dump off and resupply,

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it got to be a little bit easier.

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I mean, it's obviously

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still dangerous today,

but at the time it was pretty dangerous,

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all things considered, before they began

to transport the spices via ships.

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Biggest method was trading

with the middlemen in the Middle East.

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Falcons, Stanton, Opal and the Byzantine

Empire also led to the failure

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to maintain trade routes to Europe,

which had all but eliminated,

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had all been but eliminated

when Ottoman Empire took over.

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when the maritime traders had claimed

to be able to lower the cost of spices

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by traveling directly to the sources,

many were thrilled at this idea.

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I have to imagine

that the crown of Portugal saw

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some decent tax money in their future

from importing these spices.

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So as spices began to flow through

the ocean highways, the Portuguese traders

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kept the same markups

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and justified this as the cost

to the difficulties in harvesting them.

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They were making money hand over fist,

and this made one made.

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Other countries

want to do something similar.

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And one other country

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that rivaled the Portuguese at the time

was that of the Spanish.

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The Spanish soon had begun

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to fund an operation

involving one man, Christopher Columbus.

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As we are all aware, in: 1492

he would take a group of ships

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across the Atlantic,

hugging a more northern route to catch

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what is known as trade winds, known

as the Easter leaves, as well.

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And they navigate from the northeast.

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There are also

some winds called the westerlies.

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And I'm going to guess you can figure out

on your own where are those go?

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So using these different variations

of winds, Columbus set across

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the Atlantic, landing in the Bahamas,

and we all know how that went.

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We don't submit it for topic suggestion,

and we will get to the bottom of it

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together again, to emphasize

this mission was to find a route

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that Spain could utilize that was free

from the Portuguese Horn of Africa route.

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The Columbus also just had an interest

in exploring and love for Asia

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that he learned from studying

on Marco Polo, one of his kind of idols.

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Either way, Columbus does his thing,

and now people know that it isn't just

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an insanely vast open ocean straight

across Asia, that there's land there.

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Kind of.

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Columbus did adamantly denied

that this was a new place

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pretty much up until his death.

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You know, obviously not true,

but he just didn't want to be wrong

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so bad that he's like, this is this is

the indies, this is Asia, I'm telling you.

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Like,

you don't know. It turns out he's wrong.

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So how's that?

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Two years after Columbus, his maiden

voyage, Spain and Portugal signed a treaty

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to declare who had the right over

which chunks of the ocean argument over

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how weird it is to have a declaration over

large portions of the entire world

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that allows people who don't even speak

your language is a little bit funny.

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But that's not really

the purpose of this episode.

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So they had signed this deal.

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Spain and Portugal brokered a deal

that gave Portugal control over

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what was the oceans around

Europe and Africa

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and the known portions of Asia,

while the rest was left to Spain.

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I don't know who lobbied

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for this on the behalf of Portugal,

but it seems very unfair

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to the Spanish like,

okay, okay, we'll make a deal with you.

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But we get all of the water around all of

the places that we already know exist.

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And you you can have the stuff that we

don't know for sure if it exists or not.

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Granted, they did essentially

get the new world wholesale minus

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a chunk of Brazil, but the goal

or the desire was to have access

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to where spices were and no way to know

what spices were in the unnamed Americas.

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So that's essentially

the climate of the world,

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trying to figure out ways to profit off

of a bargain sections of the ocean.

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And one man believes

that despite the fractured waters,

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either country could capitalize

on heading west to reach the east.

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So it's time to meet the man right now

Ferdinand Magellan, born four. Now.

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MARGOLIS 12 years before

Columbus would venture across

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the Atlantic to Ruy and Alder,

those were his parents.

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He was born in: 1480

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family of Portugal, with his father

being the sheriff of the Port of Aveiro

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make sense why he would be into ships

and traveling and all those things.

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Later on.

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Dad patrolling a bustling port

probably made it pretty easy

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to be intrigued by the wooden hulks

bouncing along the horizon.

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Not much is

known about his early childhood,

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but I do know that by the age of 12

he was sent to be a page

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for the Queen of Portugal,

ith Eleanor, who was in power: 1495

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and then with Manuel,

the first who reigned after his job came

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with some perks,

which included the very best of education

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that he could have the opportunity for

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at that point in time, being trained

for navigation, astronomy, mathematics,

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especially those those ones,

especially the activities of

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being the Queen's page range

pretty drastically anything

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from being a servant to an assistant

or even like a messenger.

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It sounds like he was just Anne Hathaway

and The Devil Wears Prada.

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Maybe not,

but it's fun to imagine 16th century

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Portuguese royalty as Meryl Streep.

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Also interesting to note

that the very same year Columbus was doing

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his thing, Magellan was only beginning

his formal education

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and working for the Queen

as what it was essentially just a steward.

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By: 1505

military becoming a part of a fleet run

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by Francisco de Almeida, who is in charge

of keeping the Indian waters in check.

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This fleet would engage in patrols

along the east coast of Africa

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in the Indian Ocean, and essentially

secure Portuguese interests in the area.

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Almeida had gained some fame

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in some battles against the Moors,

who were the Muslim counterparts

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of the Christians in the south Western

Europe and Mediterranean areas.

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Following the success of Almeida

in those efforts, Manuel had declared him

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the viceroy of some recent acquisitions

of the expanding Portuguese empire.

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His promotion came at the same time

Magellan had been assigned to the fleets.

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Fleet itself was 21 ships,

which, as I mentioned, covered the areas

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between the Cape of Good Hope,

which is the southernmost point of Africa

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and the Indian Ocean, and just kind of a

little bit outside that range, I suppose.

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I mean, it probably varied

from day to day, but they had taken

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into attacking several places

in this region during this tenure,

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which would include location in modern day

Tanzania and also Mombasa.

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Its fleet was also responsible

for furthering further expanding the forts

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along the eastern coast of Africa

and even defeated the combined

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coalition fleet of Egyptians

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and other Arabian countries in the war

between the good God variety

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Egyptian forces and the Portuguese,

which took place in: 1511

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They also burned down

some of their villages and things as well.

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Through Almeida,

a treaty was brokered with the Malacca,

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which enabled further exploration

in these waters due to the strategic

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position of in the Malaysian Peninsula

would be in this location

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where Magellan would purchase a slave

who he would name Enrique.

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Enrique spoke Malays and was from

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and from the Indonesian region

or maybe actually from Malacca.

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It's kind of disputed.

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Enrique would be his pseudo

guide in the future, and I have to imagine

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that he was kind of banking on that

at the time, planning on bringing in local

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a local of the region to be an interpreter

when he eventually

00;12;46;15 - 00;12;49;29

made his voyage,

plenty of action on behalf of the fleet.

00;12;50;02 - 00;12;51;20

He was signed to what happened.

00;12;51;20 - 00;12;55;01

But whether or not Magellan was part of

all of that is not known.

00;12;55;01 - 00;12;55;21

But I would say

00;12;55;21 - 00;12;59;17

spending his time in this fleet probably

gave him a healthy amount of wanderlust.

00;12;59;17 - 00;13;01;24

Magellan

did participate in the aforementioned war

00;13;01;24 - 00;13;05;21

against the Gujarat Egyptian forces

during this time and was assisted

00;13;05;21 - 00;13;09;21

and assisted with the conquest

of Portuguese Goa in: 1511

00;13;09;21 - 00;13;12;23

Two years later, Ferdinand

the bull was on the move once again.

00;13;12;24 - 00;13;17;10

Taking his leave back to Portugal, he

began acting in an expeditionary manner,

00;13;17;10 - 00;13;21;04

fighting in a battle that would leave him

scarred for the remainder of his life.

00;13;21;04 - 00;13;24;22

The battle of As Amore and Morocco was one

where Magellan found himself

00;13;24;22 - 00;13;28;03

essentially pressed into service

for the Portuguese crown once more.

00;13;28;04 - 00;13;31;03

Magellan's own brother

was also allegedly involved.

00;13;31;06 - 00;13;32;25

I don't think I've ever explained it

00;13;32;25 - 00;13;36;14

in any of the episodes,

but since it mentioned him being pressed

00;13;36;21 - 00;13;39;16

into military service,

I'm going to explain that pressing,

00;13;39;16 - 00;13;43;05

being pressed into service

is not the same rock stacking torture game

00;13;43;05 - 00;13;46;05

employed by the Puritans

against the OG big Man on campus.

00;13;46;12 - 00;13;51;07

Mr. Giles Corey, Pressing

or impress me is a military servitude

00;13;51;07 - 00;13;54;15

to win as could be done

a couple of different ways.

00;13;54;16 - 00;13;58;05

Most common was just get a bunch of dudes

at the pub nearest to the poor,

00;13;58;06 - 00;13;59;23

get them really hammered,

00;13;59;23 - 00;14;01;23

and then while they're basically

in blackout mode,

00;14;01;23 - 00;14;04;04

bring them on to the ship

and then set sail.

00;14;04;04 - 00;14;07;03

They wake

up, bam, free sailors, instant profit.

00;14;07;03 - 00;14;09;19

Or you could just take them at gunpoint

and held them hostage.

00;14;09;19 - 00;14;13;18

Or when you capture a vessel

that they're on, you basically

00;14;13;18 - 00;14;15;04

just make them part of your crew.

00;14;15;04 - 00;14;18;01

Those are some of the thing

was the big practice in the 16th century.

00;14;18;01 - 00;14;19;21

But the British Royal Navy,

00;14;19;21 - 00;14;23;03

they essentially perfected it

later on closer to the 19th century,

00;14;23;03 - 00;14;26;06

especially during the Napoleonic wars

and in the Revolutionary War.

00;14;26;09 - 00;14;30;03

Penalty for resisting

pressing was as much fun as the rest of it

00;14;30;06 - 00;14;33;24

and the rest of the penalties

at that time really is hanging.

00;14;33;24 - 00;14;37;11

There's also an amazing song called Press

Gang by the Murder City Devils

00;14;37;11 - 00;14;40;22

that is on a regular rotation for me

on my gym playlist.

00;14;40;22 - 00;14;41;25

It's not superimposed written,

00;14;41;25 - 00;14;44;07

but the song is about a man

who is reflecting on someone

00;14;44;07 - 00;14;47;18

he knows who was pressed into service

and killed for trying to escape.

00;14;47;18 - 00;14;51;12

Anyway, In late August: 1513

the battle of Bazemore commenced.

00;14;51;14 - 00;14;55;09

The Portuguese had been assembled as

a show of force on behalf of King Manuel.

00;14;55;09 - 00;14;58;29

The first there was a pretty substantial

force put together for this show.

00;14;58;29 - 00;15;01;24

Portugal had been making some real money

fat stacks,

00;15;01;24 - 00;15;04;04

you might say,

and now they had the money to pay

00;15;04;04 - 00;15;07;23

soldiers more and pay for more ships

by more horses, that kind of thing.

00;15;08;00 - 00;15;10;17

Better armor, weapons,

just totally balling out.

00;15;10;17 - 00;15;12;21

So when the alternative

as a more had given

00;15;12;21 - 00;15;16;17

even the slightest reason for King Manny

to drop the hammer, that's that's exactly

00;15;16;17 - 00;15;17;16

what happened as a more

00;15;17;16 - 00;15;21;23

is on the western coast of Morocco in

about an hour and change from Casablanca.

00;15;21;23 - 00;15;25;08

So here's looking to you as a more

the wild city was no sneezing conquest,

00;15;25;08 - 00;15;29;07

but with the Portuguese superior numbers,

it was only a matter of time before.

00;15;29;09 - 00;15;31;25

For all the fault.

Unfortunately for our topic today.

00;15;31;25 - 00;15;34;00

For today

I had a series of unfortunate events

00;15;34;00 - 00;15;36;08

which could just

summarize his entire life.

00;15;36;08 - 00;15;40;28

But for all the gallivanting in the indies

fighting and securing

00;15;40;29 - 00;15;41;29

trade for Portugal,

00;15;41;29 - 00;15;46;02

in Asia and around Africa, he was paid

super handsomely, as one might imagine.

00;15;46;03 - 00;15;47;12

While he certainly made money,

00;15;47;12 - 00;15;50;28

he also chose to invest it boldly

and through that investment.

00;15;50;28 - 00;15;52;10

It lost a lot of it.

00;15;52;10 - 00;15;56;07

On top of that, his horse was killed

in that battle of ASA bore,

00;15;56;07 - 00;16;00;17

and it took Lance directly,

which is, you know, never a good day.

00;16;00;20 - 00;16;04;09

He himself also took a shot in the knee,

which is kind of funny to think about

00;16;04;09 - 00;16;05;13

if you have ever played the game.

00;16;05;13 - 00;16;08;14

Skyrim, essentially, and PC guards

will just say random things to you

00;16;08;14 - 00;16;09;14

as you walk around.

00;16;09;14 - 00;16;10;20

And one of the things that they say

00;16;10;20 - 00;16;14;00

is, I used to be an adventurer like you

until I took an arrow in the knee.

00;16;14;00 - 00;16;16;14

The context in the game

is that the guard can no longer be

00;16;16;14 - 00;16;19;20

a cool, awesome adventurer

because he got shot in the knee.

00;16;19;20 - 00;16;22;08

And so now, you know, basically

just stuck being a guard.

00;16;22;08 - 00;16;25;18

I always kind of wondered why he's allowed

to be a guard if he's got a bum knee.

00;16;25;18 - 00;16;29;01

But anyway, I have seen memes

and things that say that Old Norse,

00;16;29;01 - 00;16;33;03

Scandinavian traditions

is what this points to.

00;16;33;03 - 00;16;36;03

You know, this phrase is a way for them

to say that they got married.

00;16;36;03 - 00;16;38;17

Since you kneel for proposals

and things like that.

00;16;38;17 - 00;16;39;19

And if you're one of the people

00;16;39;19 - 00;16;44;28

that was like, heck yeah, dude, that's

I remember that got some bad news.

00;16;45;00 - 00;16;47;11

Anybody

who's ever shared these kind of means

00;16;47;11 - 00;16;50;23

without any due diligence,

I'm guessing, is probably a number of you.

00;16;50;23 - 00;16;51;14

But that's okay.

00;16;51;14 - 00;16;54;23

We like learning and being proven wrong,

so we know in the future

00;16;54;25 - 00;16;55;24

when we are wrong,

00;16;55;24 - 00;16;57;20

there's no real connection

between that phrase

00;16;57;20 - 00;17;01;00

and the process of marriage

in Scandinavian, Norse or anything else.

00;17;01;01 - 00;17;04;15

I mean, if you wanted to make it canon for

your Skyrim playthrough, go right ahead.

00;17;04;15 - 00;17;05;21

But it's not a real thing.

00;17;05;21 - 00;17;08;29

I'm sorry to burst any bubbles,

but you are welcome for the fun facts.

00;17;08;29 - 00;17;12;00

So anyway, rent aside,

why is that ironic, you might ask?

00;17;12;00 - 00;17;15;02

Well, because the guard no longer

wanting to be an adventure

00;17;15;02 - 00;17;18;14

because he got hit in the knee

while Magellan, a very famous adventurer,

00;17;18;15 - 00;17;21;19

gets hit in the knee and proceeds

to partake in a very famous adventure.

00;17;21;20 - 00;17;24;16

But people are still talking about,

you know, 500 light years ahead.

00;17;24;16 - 00;17;26;23

So now we have 40 boy injured,

00;17;26;23 - 00;17;29;10

which will leave him with a limp

for the remainder of his life.

00;17;29;10 - 00;17;33;01

He's 33 by this time, and things are going

kind of downhill from there.

00;17;33;03 - 00;17;34;17

Following the battle in Morocco,

00;17;34;17 - 00;17;36;21

he was also accused

of trading with the Moors.

00;17;36;21 - 00;17;39;24

And this was a major slide against

the Christian based Portuguese crown.

00;17;39;24 - 00;17;43;17

Top of that, he took leave from his post

that was unauthorized in nature,

00;17;43;17 - 00;17;47;10

and that kind of continued his downward

spiral after returning to Portugal

00;17;47;13 - 00;17;50;18

for good in: 1514

Magellan asked for a raise

00;17;50;18 - 00;17;53;23

as he was now plotting to gain

funding for his real vision.

00;17;53;23 - 00;17;57;03

Believed that there was another route

in which the Portuguese could use reach

00;17;57;03 - 00;18;00;24

the Indies faster than they currently did

by using the path Columbus took

00;18;00;24 - 00;18;04;16

and then sailing south to find a strait

cut through what is now South America

00;18;04;16 - 00;18;08;00

and cut across the body of water

that inevitably lay on the other side.

00;18;08;00 - 00;18;09;24

Or Columbus had landed in the Bahamas.

00;18;09;24 - 00;18;13;26

He himself never stepped foot on American

soil, and while his other ships did find

00;18;13;26 - 00;18;15;09

the land that would make up Central

00;18;15;09 - 00;18;19;07

America, no, no real idea was had to

how far south this land went.

00;18;19;07 - 00;18;20;22

Magellan was very determined

00;18;20;22 - 00;18;23;27

that there was a strait

that cut across some of the landmass

00;18;23;27 - 00;18;24;27

and that it would just be

00;18;24;27 - 00;18;28;23

on the other side of the body of water

that lie on the opposite end of where

00;18;28;23 - 00;18;29;22

the indies work.

00;18;29;22 - 00;18;32;29

So he petitioned and petitioned

and petitioned for a raise and

00;18;32;29 - 00;18;36;16

a contract and all the things

that you might need, anything, something.

00;18;36;16 - 00;18;38;05

He was adamant that this was the way,

00;18;38;05 - 00;18;41;19

but because of his troubles

with the Portuguese crown in a way that

00;18;41;22 - 00;18;45;19

in way of his supposed dealings

with the Moors and going away from duty,

00;18;45;21 - 00;18;49;11

this was not an expedition that Manuel

felt that he needed to invest in.

00;18;49;11 - 00;18;50;26

He also had a good route already.

00;18;50;26 - 00;18;52;02

Why would he need to engage

00;18;52;02 - 00;18;55;24

in a potentially treaty breaking action

of sailing into the lands and waters

00;18;55;24 - 00;18;59;01

that the Spanish had been given via

their treaty of tours To see it?

00;18;59;02 - 00;19;01;18

Ferdinand was not about to give up,

and he knew that

00;19;01;18 - 00;19;03;25

if anyone would take the deal,

it would be the Spanish.

00;19;03;25 - 00;19;07;03

Also, in a weird turn of events

that I would not have predicted

00;19;07;03 - 00;19;08;28

until I read this stuff.

But it makes sense.

00;19;08;28 - 00;19;12;04

Looking at the entire context

is that the King of Portugal told Magellan

00;19;12;04 - 00;19;15;29

that no one last time, but told him

that he would probably have better luck

00;19;15;29 - 00;19;19;12

asking the Spanish, looking at it

without any context kind of sounds crazy.

00;19;19;14 - 00;19;22;11

The king of one, Blaise is telling

you go to his direct competitor

00;19;22;11 - 00;19;24;11

with some potentially

big moneymaking route.

00;19;24;11 - 00;19;26;10

You could argue that it's

because the Portuguese already

00;19;26;10 - 00;19;27;16

controlled one major route

00;19;27;16 - 00;19;31;00

and there was no real reason

for him to accept it and that he didn't

00;19;31;00 - 00;19;34;09

fear losing any money due

to their presence in Asia and Indonesia.

00;19;34;09 - 00;19;35;06

That all make sense.

00;19;35;06 - 00;19;36;19

But then when you take into account

00;19;36;19 - 00;19;40;13

that Ferdinand worked for King Manuel

in his first years as a king,

00;19;40;14 - 00;19;43;21

they probably knew Magellan pretty well

because because of this,

00;19;43;21 - 00;19;46;23

he was given, you know,

giving his long time friend a fair shot.

00;19;46;24 - 00;19;49;24

So the guidance of Manuel for that ended

just that.

00;19;49;24 - 00;19;52;14

There's worked in favor with

the King of Spain was planning as well,

00;19;52;14 - 00;19;56;10

since they clearly needed to figure

something out to complete to compete with

00;19;56;10 - 00;20;00;10

Portugal Magellan was a company with a few

other Portuguese Explorer types.

00;20;00;10 - 00;20;03;20

When they met with Charles,

the first of Spain, in late: 1517

00;20;03;21 - 00;20;07;29

they would then swear allegiance over

to Spain from Portugal, and that is also

00;20;07;29 - 00;20;12;10

what inspired his name change

going from the very Portuguese sounding

00;20;12;16 - 00;20;16;23

for now the Margulis to Fernando,

the megaliths

00;20;16;23 - 00;20;20;17

few centuries of whitewashing later

and we get Ferdinand Magellan.

00;20;20;24 - 00;20;23;24

So if you're curious

about how that happened now you're not.

00;20;23;24 - 00;20;27;20

The plane itself was a really simple

and I have kind of discussed it lightly

00;20;27;20 - 00;20;31;15

here, but there were plenty of people

who had surmised that if you sail west

00;20;31;15 - 00;20;35;22

and cut through terra firma, the province

in which was founded on

00;20;35;24 - 00;20;40;03

he south American mainland in: 1498

you would eventually find an inlet

00;20;40;10 - 00;20;43;08

that you could cut through

and this would be his route.

00;20;43;08 - 00;20;47;17

Nobody had traveled so far

down to locate such in letters strait, but

00;20;47;19 - 00;20;50;15

they soon had the funding of the Spanish

crown, and that was, you know,

00;20;50;15 - 00;20;53;15

the push that they needed

to actually get this thing going.

00;20;53;16 - 00;20;56;14

Honestly,

Spain was the best bet for a few reasons.

00;20;56;14 - 00;20;57;26

Aside from the desperation

00;20;57;26 - 00;21;00;13

to compete with Portugal,

they had history on their side.

00;21;00;13 - 00;21;01;10

What do I mean by that?

00;21;01;10 - 00;21;05;03

Well, young Charles the first was actually

the grandson of Isabella,

00;21;05;03 - 00;21;06;25

who had given Columbus his big break,

00;21;06;25 - 00;21;10;14

and he was ready to do something

that would make him equally famous.

00;21;10;16 - 00;21;14;13

Now, this is kind of amusing

because how many of you know

00;21;14;15 - 00;21;16;15

exactly who Christopher Columbus is?

00;21;16;15 - 00;21;19;20

I mean, less of you probably know who

Magellan is, but I'm assuming

00;21;19;20 - 00;21;23;24

not many of you know who Queen

Isabella or King Charles the first were.

00;21;23;26 - 00;21;27;06

I'm sure this changes when you get out

of the United States educational system.

00;21;27;06 - 00;21;29;05

But unless you were actively

learning about history,

00;21;29;05 - 00;21;32;14

you wouldn't recognize their names, aside

from being able to put together

00;21;32;14 - 00;21;35;15

that they were probably royalty

in the medieval times, as

00;21;35;15 - 00;21;39;16

now also not super important,

but kind of interesting in my opinion.

00;21;39;16 - 00;21;41;20

So Magellan

set out to prove essentially that

00;21;41;20 - 00;21;42;27

not only was there a route

00;21;42;27 - 00;21;45;13

Spain could take

that wasn't touching Portugal's route

00;21;45;13 - 00;21;49;02

as laid out by the Treaty of Tours

to see us, but that the Spice Islands

00;21;49;02 - 00;21;52;14

were in route to was actually technically

00;21;52;14 - 00;21;55;19

in the west sphere of influence

and does belong to Spain.

00;21;55;19 - 00;21;59;01

You know, not knowing where the closed

end of the globe was,

00;21;59;02 - 00;22;02;27

it was easy for Portugal to go, Well,

that's ours because we can go east

00;22;02;27 - 00;22;04;06

and then bam, we land it.

00;22;04;06 - 00;22;07;07

But if it's actually closer

going to the west

00;22;07;08 - 00;22;10;11

and finding it, then technically

it would be on Spain's side, right?

00;22;10;11 - 00;22;13;20

So in May of: 1580

officially received

00;22;13;20 - 00;22;17;01

the charter to get his expedition

off the ground or in the water.

00;22;17;01 - 00;22;21;03

A crew of more than 270 men was assembled,

five ships prepared,

00;22;21;10 - 00;22;25;04

and some of the best cartographers,

navigators, to join him on his voyage.

00;22;25;04 - 00;22;28;29

Before we get to the actual trip,

I want to rehash the insanity that it is

00;22;29;05 - 00;22;33;05

the idea to cross Ocean at this time

and some of the things that could occur

00;22;33;06 - 00;22;35;13

during these trips,

as well as give a brief overview

00;22;35;13 - 00;22;37;22

of the types of ships

that were used on the voyage.

00;22;37;22 - 00;22;40;08

If you listen to the Pirates episode,

this is going to be a refresher.

00;22;40;08 - 00;22;44;04

But I think it's important to keep in mind

the impressive feats accomplished

00;22;44;04 - 00;22;46;15

by these explorers,

given with what they had.

00;22;46;15 - 00;22;50;19

Crossing the open

ocean is just kind of insane to consider.

00;22;50;19 - 00;22;53;23

Have crossed it in a sideways skyscraper

and the even

00;22;53;23 - 00;22;57;11

with that sheer mass, the blue

yellow shifted that thing with ease.

00;22;57;14 - 00;22;59;20

It wasn't like insane,

like capsizing levels,

00;22;59;20 - 00;23;03;01

but it was enough to make you respect

the hell out of it is not lost on me.

00;23;03;01 - 00;23;04;06

Why so many coastal

00;23;04;06 - 00;23;08;00

cultures have reverence for the water

and the gods that may control it.

00;23;08;00 - 00;23;11;01

It wasn't always obvious to me

as I grew up in a triple,

00;23;11;02 - 00;23;14;17

maybe even quadruple landlocked state,

depending on if you count only

00;23;14;17 - 00;23;19;02

the United States or if you include Canada

and Mexico and their subsequent states.

00;23;19;02 - 00;23;23;18

So I didn't see the ocean in person

until 18, and I still haven't been inside.

00;23;23;18 - 00;23;27;22

I've lived above it, but never has

my skin touched any ocean body of water.

00;23;27;25 - 00;23;28;14

So there's that.

00;23;28;14 - 00;23;32;02

Basically what I'm trying to say

is the ocean's big, really big.

00;23;32;09 - 00;23;37;03

You just won't believe how vastly,

hugely mind bogglingly big it is.

00;23;37;05 - 00;23;38;08

At flat elevation.

00;23;38;08 - 00;23;41;16

The human eye can only see around

three miles ahead from the western

00;23;41;16 - 00;23;44;20

coast of North Africa to North America.

00;23;44;20 - 00;23;46;07

That's: 3000

00;23;46;07 - 00;23;47;13

That's massive.

00;23;47;13 - 00;23;50;28

The food, water, all of it

is very difficult to make it last.

00;23;50;28 - 00;23;52;25

That entire trip I took, Columbus

00;23;52;25 - 00;23;57;02

and his expedition five weeks

from the Canary Islands to the Bahamas,

00;23;57;04 - 00;23;58;22

just to kind of give you some insight

00;23;58;22 - 00;24;02;05

of how potentially long

it took the food stored on board.

00;24;02;08 - 00;24;05;12

Are also something very like

they're not great.

00;24;05;12 - 00;24;06;13

It's usually simple.

00;24;06;13 - 00;24;09;15

Salted meats and hardtack

are probably the most common.

00;24;09;15 - 00;24;12;17

Hardtack is also sometimes referred as sea

biscuits.

00;24;12;17 - 00;24;17;11

It consists of flour, water, salt and can

stay preserved for long periods of time.

00;24;17;11 - 00;24;19;07

But also it's super hard.

00;24;19;07 - 00;24;22;17

The trick is to soak it in water,

break it into chunks and dip it into water

00;24;22;17 - 00;24;26;22

beer or lose your teeth by biting into it

to have fresh water on the boat.

00;24;26;22 - 00;24;29;26

There was a few methods that worked

especially well, the most standard

00;24;29;26 - 00;24;34;09

being just having the casks

of water store or Asterix.

00;24;34;09 - 00;24;37;00

But you could also collect rainfall

from the sails.

00;24;37;00 - 00;24;40;10

You could whole you could have sheep pelt

collect water vapor.

00;24;40;10 - 00;24;44;09

But typically, as I mentioned,

it's just casks of drinkable liquids.

00;24;44;11 - 00;24;46;19

The use of the word

liquid here is purposeful

00;24;46;19 - 00;24;49;09

since they often had a weak beer

or alcohols

00;24;49;09 - 00;24;52;17

that they consumed instead of water,

as it would keep longer

00;24;52;17 - 00;24;55;17

and also was resistant

to different types of bacteria.

00;24;55;17 - 00;24;57;26

And fresh water

was kind of a mixed bag at the time.

00;24;57;26 - 00;24;59;20

Anyway. Hello, Dysentery.

00;24;59;20 - 00;25;02;04

The beer was relatively weak

so that they would,

00;25;02;04 - 00;25;05;28

you know, not be belligerent constantly

and you needed your wits about you

00;25;05;28 - 00;25;07;15

at all times on the open ocean.

00;25;07;15 - 00;25;09;13

There's also a phenomenon, you know,

00;25;09;13 - 00;25;13;04

that you could get into called doldrums,

which was where there was no inns.

00;25;13;04 - 00;25;16;21

You just sat stagnancy

waiting for a breeze to come through.

00;25;16;21 - 00;25;19;21

You have to maneuver around the wind

to get anywhere, and it's

00;25;19;22 - 00;25;23;21

always a difficult task

to kind of navigate in some circumstances.

00;25;23;23 - 00;25;25;15

So these are some of the main reasons why

00;25;25;15 - 00;25;28;26

I think it was not common occurrence

until so much later.

00;25;28;26 - 00;25;30;01

Without that laid out.

00;25;30;01 - 00;25;32;29

Let's get an idea of the crew numbers

and the ships and so on.

00;25;32;29 - 00;25;36;07

Like I said, they're five ships in total,

each a carrier style ship.

00;25;36;07 - 00;25;38;04

If you remember from the Pirates episode,

the carrier

00;25;38;04 - 00;25;42;12

consisted of a large, sturdy ship

with a high rounded,

00;25;42;12 - 00;25;46;16

stern, broad beams, three or four mass,

depending on the size.

00;25;46;16 - 00;25;50;08

These mass supported a variety of sails,

including the iconic like guillotine

00;25;50;08 - 00;25;52;10

sails on the aft masts.

00;25;52;10 - 00;25;55;02

Now what set the carrier apart from up

from its

00;25;55;02 - 00;25;56;22

seafaring counterparts of the time?

00;25;56;22 - 00;25;58;16

Well, it's a bit of a multi-tasker.

00;25;58;16 - 00;26;01;13

The carrier was kind of like the Swiss

Army knife of ships

00;26;01;13 - 00;26;05;08

could handle long ocean voyage,

carry hefty cargo, and still be nimble

00;26;05;08 - 00;26;06;18

enough for naval action.

00;26;06;18 - 00;26;09;03

Its design struck

a balance between cargo capacity

00;26;09;03 - 00;26;12;26

and seaworthiness, making it perfect

for exploration and trade.

00;26;12;26 - 00;26;14;00

The Carrick's ability

00;26;14;00 - 00;26;18;02

to carry a substantial amount of cargo

was was the game changer.

00;26;18;02 - 00;26;18;23

Its large

00;26;18;23 - 00;26;19;20

hold allowed

00;26;19;20 - 00;26;23;06

for the transportation of goods,

which was obviously crucial during an era

00;26;23;06 - 00;26;26;12

when trade routes were expanding

and new lands were being discovered.

00;26;26;13 - 00;26;29;26

This design was particularly popular

among other explorers

00;26;29;26 - 00;26;33;26

like Columbus and Vasco da Gama

during the 15th and 16th centuries.

00;26;34;02 - 00;26;37;26

Now, the ships were the Trinidad

who was captained by the man

00;26;37;26 - 00;26;41;27

himself, Magellan San Antonio,

captained by Juan de Cartagena.

00;26;41;28 - 00;26;46;06

The conception captained by Gaspar

Calzada, Santiago captained

00;26;46;06 - 00;26;51;13

by one Serrano, and the Victoria,

who was captained by Louis Mendoza.

00;26;51;16 - 00;26;52;07

The Trinidad had

00;26;52;07 - 00;26;56;18

the largest of the crews was 62,

and Santiago had the smallest with the 33.

00;26;56;18 - 00;26;59;25

But it wasn't the smallest ship

that would actually go to the Victoria.

00;26;59;25 - 00;27;03;01

As mentioned,

there are 270 men amongst all of them.

00;27;03;01 - 00;27;05;28

Some had joined

after a quick stop in Tenerife,

00;27;05;28 - 00;27;08;29

the crew largely multicultural,

featuring many Portuguese,

00;27;08;29 - 00;27;12;17

which makes sense because Magellan

was actually Portuguese, but also you had

00;27;12;17 - 00;27;15;17

Greeks, Irish, English,

Asian, African, French

00;27;15;17 - 00;27;19;22

and of course Spanish people,

even a couple northern Scandinavians.

00;27;19;24 - 00;27;23;00

The crew had a change up

before the voyage as well.

00;27;23;00 - 00;27;26;04

Rui Faleiro, who helped to pitch

the voyage to the gang,

00;27;26;04 - 00;27;29;04

developed some mental illnesses

before the trip and was removed.

00;27;29;04 - 00;27;33;03

That the request the king

and I have to wonder if he was relieved.

00;27;33;03 - 00;27;37;15

After all, it is impossible to know

because he was seriously troubled.

00;27;37;15 - 00;27;38;02

But, you know,

00;27;38;02 - 00;27;41;25

he had gone from being a co-captain

of this expedition to being left behind.

00;27;41;25 - 00;27;45;10

Now, he had personally created

one fourth of the charts that were used

00;27;45;10 - 00;27;48;12

on the voyage,

and the crew was using his tools as well.

00;27;48;12 - 00;27;49;05

In his absence.

00;27;49;05 - 00;27;51;27

So anyway, that's a major

bulk of this bid.

00;27;51;27 - 00;27;53;18

So let's get into the actual voyage.

00;27;53;18 - 00;27;56;17

th,: 1519

Ferdinand Magellan's fleet,

00;27;56;17 - 00;27;59;23

comprising of five shipped,

embarked on a historic journey.

00;27;59;23 - 00;28;00;21

You know, they

00;28;00;21 - 00;28;05;01

they set sail, they departed from Seville,

and then they traveled down a river.

00;28;05;01 - 00;28;07;09

And until reaching the coastal

town of San Luca,

00;28;07;09 - 00;28;11;05

they did happen to stay in San Luca,

probably more than they should have.

00;28;11;05 - 00;28;14;24

They stayed there for five weeks, but

they, you know, were preparing for that.

00;28;14;24 - 00;28;17;24

th,: 1519

00;28;17;25 - 00;28;21;07

officially left

like not just the kind of arsenal start.

00;28;21;09 - 00;28;22;08

They actually left.

00;28;22;08 - 00;28;24;02

They left from Spain

to the Canary Islands,

00;28;24;02 - 00;28;27;15

and that would be their final jumping off

point before going across the ocean

00;28;27;15 - 00;28;32;06

on September 26, they halted at Tenerife,

which was in the Canary Islands.

00;28;32;06 - 00;28;36;18

This past this pause served a dual

purpose, replenishing essential supplies

00;28;36;18 - 00;28;40;28

and making a couple acquisitions

of vegetables and pitch and,

00;28;40;28 - 00;28;43;29

you know, had to basically buy some things

that were a little cheaper

00;28;43;29 - 00;28;44;28

than they were in Spain.

00;28;44;28 - 00;28;48;00

However, amidst

the logistical preparations,

00;28;48;00 - 00;28;51;24

an undercurrent, a little bit

of a little bit of espionage going on.

00;28;51;24 - 00;28;55;20

Magellan received a tip off

from his father in law, Diego Barbosa.

00;28;55;20 - 00;28;59;06

The letter told that there was

a mutinous plot brewing among certain

00;28;59;06 - 00;29;03;19

Spanish captains spearheaded by Juan

de Cartagena of the San Antonio.

00;29;03;19 - 00;29;07;12

To compound matters, Magellan discovered

that the Portuguese king, his former

00;29;07;12 - 00;29;10;18

friend, had dispatched

two caravel fleets with the explicit

00;29;10;18 - 00;29;11;28

aim of apprehending him.

00;29;11;28 - 00;29;14;18

I don't know if it was like jealousy

or what he did.

00;29;14;18 - 00;29;17;08

Maybe he didn't think that Charles

was actually going to prove it.

00;29;17;08 - 00;29;18;10

So that man was mad?

00;29;18;10 - 00;29;19;02

I don't know.

00;29;19;02 - 00;29;22;25

Undeterred by the looming threats,

the fleet, now armed with newfound

00;29;22;25 - 00;29;25;06

intelligence,

resumed its journey on October 3rd,

00;29;25;06 - 00;29;29;02

1519, sailing southward

along the imposing African coast.

00;29;29;04 - 00;29;30;08

Dissenting voices

00;29;30;08 - 00;29;34;00

began to arise of the captains

regarding the optimal course wander.

00;29;34;00 - 00;29;37;00

Cartagena advocated for a more western

00;29;37;00 - 00;29;40;28

westerly bearing, has presented Magellan

with a navigational dilemma.

00;29;40;28 - 00;29;44;17

C Most of his crew didn't like the fact

that he decided to trace

00;29;44;17 - 00;29;47;24

the contour of the African coastline

is unconventional.

00;29;47;24 - 00;29;51;02

And the reason that he chose this

because he thought it was going

00;29;51;02 - 00;29;54;17

to outsmart the Portuguese care of those

that were following him.

00;29;54;19 - 00;29;57;17

Now, this unorthodox manner

showcased Magellan's strategic

00;29;57;17 - 00;30;01;15

acumen and determination

to safeguard the ambitious expedition

00;30;01;15 - 00;30;04;26

from external threats,

setting the tone for this epic voyage.

00;30;04;26 - 00;30;06;01

As October waned,

00;30;06;01 - 00;30;09;05

the Armada, under the leadership

of Ferdinand Magellan, confronted

00;30;09;05 - 00;30;12;28

with the wrath of a turbulent weather

as it approached the equator, expedition's

00;30;12;28 - 00;30;16;20

progress was hindered

by the ferocity of these intense storms.

00;30;16;20 - 00;30;18;06

That's another thing I forgot to bring up.

00;30;18;06 - 00;30;19;26

Storms you hit by hurricane.

00;30;19;26 - 00;30;23;08

That'd be crazy compelling

the crew to implement evasive maneuvers

00;30;23;08 - 00;30;26;26

such as striking their sails amidst

the squalls notably chronicled

00;30;26;26 - 00;30;30;19

by Pigafetta, an astute recorder

of the expedition's events.

00;30;30;19 - 00;30;34;00

Tumultuous conditions

bore witness to a mythical phenomenon,

00;30;34;03 - 00;30;38;00

St Elmo's Fire, which I didn't

even think that movie was out back then.

00;30;38;02 - 00;30;40;04

No, of course, that's silly.

00;30;40;04 - 00;30;44;03

That's a: 1985

and if I'm being honest, I may

00;30;44;03 - 00;30;47;08

or may not have decided to include this

strictly due to the fact that it shares.

00;30;47;08 - 00;30;48;11

The name is that movie.

00;30;48;11 - 00;30;52;06

Cinema's fire is a plasma discharge

from ionized particles,

00;30;52;06 - 00;30;56;17

which glowing in low light

scenarios named after Erasmus, a formula.

00;30;56;19 - 00;30;58;08

How do you get Elmo from that?

00;30;58;08 - 00;31;01;08

I don't know. Anyway, so

how many saints come up in these episodes?

00;31;01;08 - 00;31;02;00

It's kind of crazy.

00;31;02;00 - 00;31;02;26

We get a lot of st.

00;31;02;26 - 00;31;06;08

By the way, Saint Elmo is the patron

saint of sailors, so that makes sense.

00;31;06;09 - 00;31;09;29

Sam was fire was a celestial display

that the crew interpreted

00;31;10;01 - 00;31;13;11

as a favorable omen

and a serial manifestation,

00;31;13;11 - 00;31;15;17

especially during the dark

and perilous nights.

00;31;15;17 - 00;31;19;04

And this acted as a beacon of hope,

offering solace to the a little

00;31;19;04 - 00;31;22;27

diminished spirits of the crew

in the face of the impending danger.

00;31;22;27 - 00;31;26;09

Attempt to harsh weather persisted

for approximately two weeks,

00;31;26;10 - 00;31;29;22

subjecting the armada

to unyielding forces of nature.

00;31;29;24 - 00;31;31;04

During this formidable trial,

00;31;31;04 - 00;31;33;21

the fleet navigated through storms

that tested their mettle.

00;31;33;21 - 00;31;37;04

Subsequent to this tumultuous period,

the armada also found itself

00;31;37;04 - 00;31;39;18

in contrasting state

after the storm passed.

00;31;39;18 - 00;31;42;26

It was pretty calm, but also to calm.

00;31;42;26 - 00;31;44;26

That's right.

They hit the doldrums that I mentioned.

00;31;44;26 - 00;31;47;10

Not great

impeding the progress of the vessels.

00;31;47;10 - 00;31;49;28

The doldrums lacked the wind

to push the sails.

00;31;49;28 - 00;31;53;16

In the midst of the calm,

the south equatorial current emerged

00;31;53;16 - 00;31;57;21

as a guiding force that began to steer

the Yamato westward as turn of events

00;31;57;21 - 00;32;00;26

eventually positioned the fleet

in the vicinity of the trade winds.

00;32;00;26 - 00;32;03;14

Luckily enough,

this phase marked by the delicate balance

00;32;03;14 - 00;32;06;23

between the tumultuous storms,

a moment of respite underscored the

00;32;06;23 - 00;32;11;05

expedition's resilience as they navigated

unpredictable elements of open sea.

00;32;11;05 - 00;32;12;10

The interplay of challenges

00;32;12;10 - 00;32;16;03

and reprieves became a defining feature

of their journey,

00;32;16;06 - 00;32;20;05

shaping the narrative of Magellan's

ambitious quest for uncharted territories.

00;32;20;05 - 00;32;21;19

Now, during the Ocean crossing,

00;32;21;19 - 00;32;25;15

a disturbing incident unfolded aboard

the Victoria the Sicilian master,

00;32;25;15 - 00;32;29;16

the vessel Salomon Anton, was discovered

engaging in an act of sodomy

00;32;29;16 - 00;32;33;02

with a Genovese apprentice

sailor named Antonio Vasa.

00;32;33;08 - 00;32;36;28

Despite the common occurrence

of homosexual will activities on long

00;32;36;28 - 00;32;40;00

naval voyages, such actions

were punishable by death in Spain.

00;32;40;08 - 00;32;44;16

During that time, Magellan conducted

a trial on board the Trinidad finding

00;32;44;19 - 00;32;49;27

Salomon guilty and sentencing him to death

by strangulation, which is aggressive.

00;32;49;27 - 00;32;54;26

Anton would meet his fate in Brazil

December 20th, 15, 19.

00;32;54;28 - 00;32;55;21

That was the plan.

00;32;55;21 - 00;32;56;14

They were just going to wait

00;32;56;14 - 00;32;59;18

till they made landfall

that they would actually execute him.

00;32;59;18 - 00;33;04;05

And then once once

he was actually executed, they burned his

00;33;04;07 - 00;33;06;17

his body for ice, on the other hand, met

a tragic end

00;33;06;17 - 00;33;09;26

by drowning after either being thrown over

or jumping to his death.

00;33;09;26 - 00;33;12;27

Following the sodomy trial, dissent

among Magellan's captains

00;33;12;27 - 00;33;16;17

surfaced in a confrontation in Cartagena

and declared his refusal

00;33;16;17 - 00;33;17;18

to follow Magellan's

00;33;17;18 - 00;33;21;21

command, prompting Magellan to signal

armed loyalists to apprehend him.

00;33;21;21 - 00;33;25;15

This unfolded as Cartagena called on two

other Spanish captains,

00;33;25;15 - 00;33;28;21

Quesada and Mendoza, to stab Magellan,

But they hesitated.

00;33;28;21 - 00;33;31;20

After the confrontation, Cartagena

found himself in the stocks,

00;33;31;20 - 00;33;34;09

while Magellan could have pursued

harsher punishment,

00;33;34;09 - 00;33;38;24

he opted influenced by Quesada and Mendoza

to relieve Cartagena of his command

00;33;38;25 - 00;33;42;13

of the San Antonio, which allowed him

limited freedom aboard the Victoria

00;33;42;13 - 00;33;46;24

and then Antonio de Coca took over

as the new captain of the San Antonio.

00;33;46;25 - 00;33;48;14

The crew arrived in Brazil in late

00;33;48;14 - 00;33;50;15

November

and cruised down the shores of Brazil

00;33;50;15 - 00;33;52;24

until spending some time in Rio

de Janeiro.

00;33;52;24 - 00;33;55;16

Locals were used

to some Portuguese visitors by now,

00;33;55;16 - 00;33;57;26

but no settlement had been built

at this point.

00;33;57;26 - 00;34;00;14

The crew began trading with the locals,

even finding

00;34;00;14 - 00;34;04;11

that they could get sexual favors

for trading with some of the local women.

00;34;04;11 - 00;34;08;00

Make sense three months at sea and is

clearly not a love conducive environment.

00;34;08;00 - 00;34;09;13

So you got to do what you got to do.

00;34;09;13 - 00;34;11;13

They continued

down the coast of South America

00;34;11;13 - 00;34;14;12

looking for a strength to slip through,

but no such luck.

00;34;14;12 - 00;34;17;27

They wintered at the southern end

where they would name Port Saint Julian.

00;34;17;27 - 00;34;20;01

And then after landing that literally

00;34;20;01 - 00;34;23;28

the next day, another mutiny occurred

where one of the other captains attempted

00;34;23;28 - 00;34;27;28

to overthrow a different captain

but then ended up getting stabbed himself.

00;34;27;28 - 00;34;31;10

They did have a good plot, though, and

even managed to take the Victoria over,

00;34;31;10 - 00;34;35;11

but by way of some sneaky countermeasure

orders and lies about secret letters.

00;34;35;12 - 00;34;39;19

Louis Mendoza was killed in the mutiny

ended another man was was beheaded

00;34;39;19 - 00;34;41;28

for his role in the mutiny,

and others were chained

00;34;41;28 - 00;34;43;17

and tortured for playing their parts.

00;34;43;17 - 00;34;45;09

I guess his gentle nature

00;34;45;09 - 00;34;49;00

kind of lost out

after continually trying to get mutinied.

00;34;49;07 - 00;34;50;00

Even a priest

00;34;50;00 - 00;34;53;16

and another man were marooned for death

when the ships departed St Julian,

00;34;53;16 - 00;34;57;28

the ship also ran aground and capsized,

which is, you know, never good.

00;34;58;01 - 00;35;00;08

You just keep on truck

and looking for the strait though.

00;35;00;08 - 00;35;00;29

And they they did

00;35;00;29 - 00;35;05;04

find one, you know, like way, way down

at the southern tip of South America

00;35;05;04 - 00;35;09;13

after a year of after a year

after arriving on the other side.

00;35;09;13 - 00;35;10;10

So I guess that's a win.

00;35;10;10 - 00;35;11;25

Now, if you look at pictures of this area

00;35;11;25 - 00;35;15;20

in the Strait of Magellan,

you can see just how like island it is.

00;35;15;23 - 00;35;19;25

And while they attempted to navigate

through this one ship, just do out

00;35;19;25 - 00;35;23;09

and went back to Spain,

that's where 55 of the two and 70 went.

00;35;23;09 - 00;35;24;14

By the way,

00;35;24;14 - 00;35;27;06

the ship returned, reporting

all these crazy things about Magellan

00;35;27;06 - 00;35;31;27

and how ruthlessly torturing people

unnecessarily, which is kind of ironic

00;35;31;27 - 00;35;35;21

because had tortured his cousin

on the trip back to get him to agree

00;35;35;21 - 00;35;39;01

to the allegations that they were going

to levee against Magellan,

00;35;39;02 - 00;35;40;28

although it wasn't a complete

loss, Magellan

00;35;40;28 - 00;35;44;08

and the Armada tried to find the ship

that ended up just pissing out.

00;35;44;09 - 00;35;49;01

He saw how calm the Pacific Ocean was

and named it such ma Pacific.

00;35;49;03 - 00;35;50;26

So that's where the name comes from.

00;35;50;26 - 00;35;53;20

It's also not accurate at all.

00;35;53;23 - 00;35;54;15

It sounds great.

00;35;54;15 - 00;35;55;08

And maybe off

00;35;55;08 - 00;35;59;17

the very southern tip of South America,

the Pacific Ocean might look super calm.

00;35;59;20 - 00;36;02;20

It's not. It's very big and violent.

00;36;02;20 - 00;36;05;11

Anyway, after that, he was like,

Hey, guys, Hey.

00;36;05;11 - 00;36;08;18

We rounded through this really cool

strait of Magellan named after,

00;36;08;21 - 00;36;10;16

I don't know, probably a pretty cool guy,

I guess.

00;36;10;16 - 00;36;11;21

Should be.

00;36;11;21 - 00;36;14;04

Should be about 3 to 4 days

to the East Indies.

00;36;14;04 - 00;36;14;21

You're welcome.

00;36;14;21 - 00;36;16;28

And the next bit super gnarly.

00;36;16;28 - 00;36;20;01

While he thought it would be a quick John

to the Indies, he did not know that

00;36;20;01 - 00;36;23;25

he was crossing the largest of oceans,

crossing the Pacific, took him nearly

00;36;23;25 - 00;36;28;07

four months to do so, which is a far cry

from his anticipated 3 to 4 days.

00;36;28;07 - 00;36;29;23

Talk about are we there yet?

00;36;29;23 - 00;36;33;24

Moment Magellan and his contemporaries

severely miscalculated the expanse

00;36;33;24 - 00;36;38;09

of the Pacific Ocean, envisioning it

as a narrow expanse separating

00;36;38;12 - 00;36;42;00

South America from the Spice Islands

just like a little bit, just a little guy.

00;36;42;01 - 00;36;43;15

Their anticipation of a swift

00;36;43;15 - 00;36;48;03

3 to 4 day crossing of this imagined sea

collided with the stark reality

00;36;48;06 - 00;36;53;03

of the three month and 20 day journey

before reaching Guam and the Philippines.

00;36;53;10 - 00;36;57;01

Now, as they emerged from the Strait

th: 1520

00;36;57;01 - 00;37;00;13

the fleet initially set a course north

along the Chilean coast, later

00;37;00;13 - 00;37;03;15

adjusting to a west northwest

by mid-December.

00;37;03;15 - 00;37;05;23

Unfortunately, in their out,

the expedition missed

00;37;05;23 - 00;37;09;09

potential encounters with Pacific islands

like the Marshall Islands,

00;37;09;12 - 00;37;13;01

the Society Islands of Solomon Islands,

or the more cases islands.

00;37;13;01 - 00;37;14;08

These missed our opportunities

00;37;14;08 - 00;37;17;05

for replenishment

replenishment on crucial supplies.

00;37;17;05 - 00;37;20;06

Instead, they stumbled upon two small,

uninhabited islands

00;37;20;06 - 00;37;24;23

islets in 4 hours, which proved to be

pretty much inaccessible.

00;37;24;26 - 00;37;28;22

The first sighted on January 24th

and likely Puka.

00;37;28;22 - 00;37;33;11

Puka was named San Pablo,

the second sighted on February 21st,

00;37;33;11 - 00;37;36;25

likely Caroline Island became waypoints

for the challenging journey.

00;37;36;25 - 00;37;41;03

Crossing the equator on February 13th

marked a pivotal moment as they continued

00;37;41;03 - 00;37;42;08

on expeditions.

00;37;42;08 - 00;37;45;11

Resilience was put to the test

as the remaining ships, ill prepared

00;37;45;11 - 00;37;49;02

for the prolonged voyage, grappled

with shortages of essential provisions.

00;37;49;02 - 00;37;53;01

Much of the seal meat in the stores

succumb to purification

00;37;53;01 - 00;37;54;27

in the equatorial heat.

00;37;54;27 - 00;37;56;25

In his journal, Pigafetta vividly

00;37;56;25 - 00;38;00;20

depicted the dire circumstances

detailing the crew's resilience

00;38;00;22 - 00;38;05;00

on deteriorated biscuits infested

with grubs, discolored and foul smelling

00;38;05;00 - 00;38;09;26

water, toughened oxide, sawdust

and the consumption of expensive rats.

00;38;09;26 - 00;38;13;27

The pervasive threat of scurvy, an ailment

not comprehended at the time, afflicted

00;38;13;27 - 00;38;15;05

the majority of the crew.

00;38;15;05 - 00;38;19;04

Out of the 166 men

embarking on the Pacific Crossing, 19

00;38;19;04 - 00;38;20;16

succumbed to harsh conditions,

00;38;20;16 - 00;38;24;14

while 25 to 30 fell ill

with various different illnesses.

00;38;24;14 - 00;38;25;22

The hits just keep coming.

00;38;25;22 - 00;38;29;18

Notable exceptions to these illnesses

were Magellan, Pigafetta

00;38;29;18 - 00;38;32;27

and then a bunch of other officers

who evaded the scourge of scurvy.

00;38;32;29 - 00;38;35;21

This fortunate circumstance

was potentially attributed

00;38;35;21 - 00;38;39;11

to their consumption of preserved quince,

unbeknownst to them, containing

00;38;39;11 - 00;38;43;19

vital vitamin C, the shield them

from the debilitating effects of scurvy.

00;38;43;19 - 00;38;47;06

Amidst the adversities of the Pacific

Crossing, the crew's health availability

00;38;47;06 - 00;38;51;06

of provisions and unforeseen

challenges of sea became pivotal factors

00;38;51;06 - 00;38;55;03

shaping the narrative of Magellan's

ambitious exploration to this point.

00;38;55;04 - 00;38;59;18

After finally arriving in Guam

and in the Philippines of March 19,

00;38;59;20 - 00;39;04;06

1915 21, he was embraced by locals

and Magellan slave.

00;39;04;06 - 00;39;06;09

Enrique was able to communicate

with some of them

00;39;06;09 - 00;39;10;10

as he was, as I mentioned before, Malacca

from Malacca, which is close

00;39;10;10 - 00;39;14;08

to Malaysia, more so in the Philippines

than Guam, where they excited.

00;39;14;08 - 00;39;18;19

They did meet with the Chamorro people,

but they left one dead

00;39;18;19 - 00;39;21;07

and they had miscommunication

on understanding

00;39;21;07 - 00;39;23;27

what gifts were

and then what was just personal property.

00;39;23;27 - 00;39;25;18

So that didn't go good.

00;39;25;18 - 00;39;29;12

Magellan ended up naming the island

Isla de los drones

00;39;29;13 - 00;39;33;05

island of the thieves

and then proceeded to send raiding parties

00;39;33;05 - 00;39;36;27

to the island and burned 50 houses

and killed a handful of these people.

00;39;37;00 - 00;39;37;11

Not a good

00;39;37;11 - 00;39;38;02

look when they reached

00;39;38;02 - 00;39;42;10

the Philippines on March 16th, things were

better than the last encounter, I guess.

00;39;42;10 - 00;39;45;15

They began to trade small goods, receiving

00;39;45;18 - 00;39;49;20

Chinese painted ceramics, showing them

their shiny finish weapons and armor.

00;39;49;22 - 00;39;53;11

The Christian word probably confused as to

what happened since the original goal

00;39;53;11 - 00;39;56;07

was to find the Spice

Islands from the West. You're not alone.

00;39;56;07 - 00;39;59;10

It's not known specifically

why he decided to just be converting

00;39;59;10 - 00;40;00;07

people left and right.

00;40;00;07 - 00;40;02;21

But nonetheless,

that's just what he was doing.

00;40;02;21 - 00;40;04;12

Upon nearing Misawa,

00;40;04;12 - 00;40;07;26

the expedition encountered natives

in canoes who promptly alerted warship

00;40;07;26 - 00;40;12;13

belonging to local rulers of Mindanao and

a noteworthy development Magellan slave.

00;40;12;13 - 00;40;16;02

Enrique discovered his ability

to communicate further with some of these

00;40;16;02 - 00;40;19;02

as they move

closer and closer, signaling that

00;40;19;02 - 00;40;22;19

the completion of the circumnavigation

was very close.

00;40;22;24 - 00;40;26;03

Engaging in diplomatic gestures,

the parties exchanged gifts, fostering

00;40;26;03 - 00;40;27;03

a budding relationship.

00;40;27;03 - 00;40;33;04

Magellan sees opportunity, met with local

leaders Raja Colombo and then Raja Surui.

00;40;33;04 - 00;40;37;12

The encounter led to establishment

of a profound blood brother relationship

00;40;37;12 - 00;40;41;25

between Magellan and Raja Colombo

solidified through a local ritual.

00;40;41;25 - 00;40;42;11

I don't know

00;40;42;11 - 00;40;45;15

if it was like the cutting of the palms

and then shaking hands or what,

00;40;45;15 - 00;40;49;14

but this thing, this ritual,

symbolized mutual trust and allegiance.

00;40;49;19 - 00;40;51;04

During their stay at Misawa,

00;40;51;04 - 00;40;55;12

Spanish Explorers marveled at golden

ornaments plates adorned by the Rajas.

00;40;55;14 - 00;40;57;04

In conversations with local leaders.

00;40;57;04 - 00;41;01;18

Magellan's men discovered that gold

was abundant in Bhutan and collagen.

00;41;01;18 - 00;41;05;25

The Rogers expressed

that they had an interest in trading gold

00;41;05;25 - 00;41;09;21

for iron, which kind of set the stage

for the potential economic changes

00;41;09;21 - 00;41;10;29

between these two cultures.

00;41;10;29 - 00;41;14;16

Magellan, realizing the potential

influence of showcasing Spanish prowess,

00;41;14;16 - 00;41;18;22

presented a display of Spanish armor,

weapons and artillery demonstration

00;41;18;22 - 00;41;22;22

left a lasting effect on the locals,

contributing to the establishment

00;41;22;22 - 00;41;26;00

of a favorable image of the Spanish

among the islanders.

00;41;26;01 - 00;41;31;03

On Easter Day, March 31st, Magellan

and 50 men participated in an event,

00;41;31;06 - 00;41;35;00

the first Catholic mass in the Philippines

held in Lima, Sala.

00;41;35;01 - 00;41;38;16

The ceremony, attended by Raja Colombo

Islanders.

00;41;38;19 - 00;41;43;07

Magellan's crew marked the introduction

of Christianity to the archipelago

00;41;43;08 - 00;41;46;20

Post Mass Magellan's men erected

a cross on the island's highest hills.

00;41;46;20 - 00;41;49;20

Symbolically

declaring lima south in the entirety.

00;41;49;20 - 00;41;52;27

The entire Philippine

archipelago, as possesses

00;41;52;27 - 00;41;56;10

possessions of Spain

to bring to the islands as Saint Lazarus.

00;41;56;11 - 00;41;57;20

This proclamation signified

00;41;57;20 - 00;42;00;23

the formal establishment

of Spanish influence in the region,

00;42;00;23 - 00;42;06;03

laying the foundation for enduring impact

of Christianity and European colonization

00;42;06;03 - 00;42;06;28

in the Philippines.

00;42;06;28 - 00;42;08;07

April 2nd, Magellan

00;42;08;07 - 00;42;12;01

and his crew had set about trying

to confirm their next course of action.

00;42;12;01 - 00;42;14;02

Its officers believed

the best route was to head

00;42;14;02 - 00;42;18;07

southwest for the Moluccas,

which is different the Malakas.

00;42;18;07 - 00;42;21;17

But Magellan was headstrong about

pushing further into the Philippines.

00;42;21;17 - 00;42;24;16

The next day they set sail into the north

northwest,

00;42;24;19 - 00;42;27;22

landing in Cebu,

which had been given like that.

00;42;27;22 - 00;42;31;02

It directions had been given to them

from their interaction

00;42;31;02 - 00;42;32;25

with with Rajah Calamba.

00;42;32;25 - 00;42;34;03

They landed on April 7th

00;42;34;03 - 00;42;37;08

and were happy to find

that Cebu was a hub of trade in the area

00;42;37;09 - 00;42;40;23

and goods from the Middle East, China,

India, all over Cebu.

00;42;40;23 - 00;42;45;05

It typically required some sort of tribute

to be paid to participate in the trade,

00;42;45;05 - 00;42;46;14

which is understandable.

00;42;46;14 - 00;42;50;00

But the leader of the island

Rajakumar had personally waived

00;42;50;00 - 00;42;51;13

this for the European visitors.

00;42;51;13 - 00;42;54;19

Rajah, whom Oben was also baptized

in a show of good faith

00;42;54;19 - 00;42;58;04

between the two cultures

alongside his family on April 14.

00;42;58;05 - 00;42;59;04

After this,

00;42;59;04 - 00;43;02;06

the other locals were more likely to do

so, and upwards

00;43;02;06 - 00;43;04;01

of: 2000

00;43;04;01 - 00;43;07;05

One island nearby was not so welcoming

of this gesture

00;43;07;05 - 00;43;10;28

and stood out as opposition to the Mission

Island of Mactan, whose leader,

00;43;10;28 - 00;43;14;10

Lapu-Lapu, was fervent

in his displeasure against conversion,

00;43;14;10 - 00;43;17;24

which is kind of like kerosene

to a powder keg of peace.

00;43;17;24 - 00;43;20;24

In stories like these,

his opposition was more to the tune of not

00;43;20;24 - 00;43;24;24

supporting Kuma Kumaran as a leader

and wished to be the leader instead.

00;43;24;24 - 00;43;28;05

But either way, Magellan thought

that this was something that he could do

00;43;28;05 - 00;43;31;11

to further impress whom

the bond and strengthen their new alliance

00;43;31;11 - 00;43;34;05

with either ignorance

or arrogance in full effect.

00;43;34;05 - 00;43;38;21

On April 27, 15, 21,

Magellan approached the island of Mactan

00;43;38;24 - 00;43;41;23

with only 60,

albeit heavily armed soldiers.

00;43;41;23 - 00;43;44;21

They were backed by Filipino boats

that were full of warriors.

00;43;44;21 - 00;43;48;27

But Magellan was confident at the superior

the superiority equipped

00;43;48;27 - 00;43;53;22

Europeans would scare away Lapu-Lapu

and his war further entrenched this idea.

00;43;53;22 - 00;43;58;14

Magellan only took 49 men with him,

leaving ten with whom Laban and his men.

00;43;58;14 - 00;44;01;24

They initially set ablaze

two houses that they immediately found.

00;44;01;24 - 00;44;04;14

And then this just kind of made lapu-lapu

more mad.

00;44;04;14 - 00;44;08;27

The European soldiers quickly assaulted

with spears and other ranged weapons.

00;44;09;02 - 00;44;11;13

They returned fire

via muskets and crossbows,

00;44;11;13 - 00;44;14;18

but it seemed like it was not really doing

much to the native warriors.

00;44;14;18 - 00;44;16;01

The Europeans heavily

00;44;16;01 - 00;44;19;26

armor made it harder for them to maneuver

properly in the muddy beach.

00;44;19;27 - 00;44;23;16

Lapu-Lapu warriors were agile

and used to the terrain in comparison,

00;44;23;16 - 00;44;27;17

Lapu-Lapu also recognized Magellan

from before and had targeted him

00;44;27;17 - 00;44;31;14

specifically, which resulted in his

being hit with a poisonous spear.

00;44;31;15 - 00;44;34;25

He was not the only one,

as the 50 Europeans were outnumbered

00;44;34;25 - 00;44;38;00

by a reported: 1500

according to Pigafetta,

00;44;38;01 - 00;44;40;29

whose contemporary count,

despite their impressive armor

00;44;40;29 - 00;44;43;18

and weapons,

they were not immune to any of these

00;44;43;18 - 00;44;47;18

and then had been hit by many poisonous

arrows, spears, that kind of thing.

00;44;47;18 - 00;44;52;12

Magellan was specifically targeted after

he had been hit with a poisonous barrage,

00;44;52;15 - 00;44;55;27

and Pigafetta noted this later,

they seemed to focus their strikes

00;44;55;27 - 00;45;00;20

on Magellan, specifically swinging swords,

blunt objects, all these kinds of things

00;45;00;20 - 00;45;05;08

at him and the others that were around him

until they were completely overpowered

00;45;05;08 - 00;45;08;05

by sheer number of landlubbers,

force forces,

00;45;08;05 - 00;45;10;14

and even some of the warriors

whom Gibbon had brought

00;45;10;14 - 00;45;12;27

have been killed in

for aiding them in the first place.

00;45;12;27 - 00;45;14;26

Magellan was killed with the others,

00;45;14;26 - 00;45;18;19

but not the entirety of the crew

or natives that had joined them.

00;45;18;19 - 00;45;20;12

Pigafetta was with him on the beach,

00;45;20;12 - 00;45;23;23

but managed to escape back to the boats

and then back to safety.

00;45;23;23 - 00;45;26;18

Magellan's

body was also left with Lapu-Lapu,

00;45;26;18 - 00;45;28;24

and whom Oban tried to negotiate

00;45;28;24 - 00;45;32;18

a deal for a large portion of copper

and other treasures for his return.

00;45;32;18 - 00;45;34;12

But Lapu-Lapu kept it as a work.

00;45;34;12 - 00;45;37;03

After Magellan's death,

his will was found on the ship.

00;45;37;03 - 00;45;39;13

It noted that his slave, Enrique,

00;45;39;13 - 00;45;42;13

was supposed to be released

upon his death, which is nice.

00;45;42;13 - 00;45;46;09

Unfortunately, after Magellan's death,

this is a point of contention

00;45;46;09 - 00;45;48;18

to both the new captains,

Magellan's brother

00;45;48;18 - 00;45;52;12

in law being one daughter

Barbosa, and Juan Serrano being the other.

00;45;52;12 - 00;45;56;15

Both potential captains had no interest

of releasing Enrique and wished for him to

00;45;56;15 - 00;46;00;05

continue his current post as interpreter

during the remainder of their journey.

00;46;00;05 - 00;46;04;00

After learning of this fact,

Enrique had engaged in some double agency

00;46;04;00 - 00;46;07;23

and used his ability to communicate

with Houma Bon without the Europeans

00;46;07;23 - 00;46;11;09

knowing what's happening

to his disadvantage or to his advantage.

00;46;11;09 - 00;46;14;10

Following this interaction

on May 1st 15, 21,

00;46;14;10 - 00;46;17;22

some 30 of the remaining hundred

and 45 were invited to a feast.

00;46;17;22 - 00;46;20;19

By whom about celebrate their time

together on shore.

00;46;20;19 - 00;46;21;25

This included two potential

00;46;21;25 - 00;46;25;28

captains at most, and mostly officers

who were present at the end of the meal.

00;46;25;28 - 00;46;27;19

Cebu Warriors entered the hall

00;46;27;19 - 00;46;31;08

and then began to slaughter

the European men who attended.

00;46;31;13 - 00;46;32;22

Only one of them was spared

00;46;32;22 - 00;46;36;02

as he was dragged out to the beach

in an attempt ransom.

00;46;36;02 - 00;46;39;14

He told the men still aboard the ships

that everyone had been slain at the feast.

00;46;39;14 - 00;46;41;22

Everyone except for Enrique himself.

00;46;41;22 - 00;46;45;24

A negotiation never happened

in the remaining crew sailed away, leaving

00;46;45;24 - 00;46;47;01

Serrano for death.

00;46;47;01 - 00;46;50;19

115 men remained of the original 270.

00;46;50;19 - 00;46;52;16

At this point,

the crew realized that they did

00;46;52;16 - 00;46;56;09

not have the numbers or crew numbers

to crew the remaining three vessels.

00;46;56;09 - 00;46;58;28

So they stripped what was needed

from the conception and burned it.

00;46;58;28 - 00;47;01;28

Trinidad

and Victoria bounded around the Southeast

00;47;01;28 - 00;47;05;08

Asia, searching for the Moluccas

and their spice.

00;47;05;08 - 00;47;08;04

All it was at this moment

where I had a fluctuation on

00;47;08;04 - 00;47;10;03

if I should include them in my Pirates

episode

00;47;10;03 - 00;47;13;26

or not because they engaged in piracy

against different ships in the region.

00;47;13;26 - 00;47;17;22

Most notably, they captured a Chinese junk

that had left Malacca

00;47;17;22 - 00;47;20;25

as they struggled

to find any real direction for six months.

00;47;20;25 - 00;47;22;16

And the captain, who had assumed control.

00;47;22;16 - 00;47;26;03

Following the departure

of the Philippines, Carollo stepped down.

00;47;26;03 - 00;47;27;22

In September of: 1521

00;47;27;22 - 00;47;32;19

Martin Mendez assumed the control

following this with Gonzalo de Spinoza

00;47;32;19 - 00;47;37;13

and Juan Sebastian Elcano, both captaining

the two vessels, Aquino on the Victoria

00;47;37;13 - 00;47;41;05

and Espinosa on the Trinidad Elcano

and the crew aboard.

00;47;41;05 - 00;47;44;28

The Victoria had been attacked

by a fleet of bruni ins off the coast off

00;47;44;28 - 00;47;48;28

the coast of Borneo, the large island

southwest of the Philippines.

00;47;48;28 - 00;47;51;27

Some historians believe these attackers

to be a prince of Manila.

00;47;51;27 - 00;47;56;01

Prince Archie This interaction actually

proved fruitful for a number of reasons.

00;47;56;01 - 00;47;58;21

Number one, O'Connell

got to show his fortitude as captain.

00;47;58;21 - 00;48;03;24

And number two, after capturing force,

Archie left more who spoke Spanish.

00;48;03;24 - 00;48;08;01

That would be a major assistance, kind

of a replacement of America at some point.

00;48;08;01 - 00;48;12;23

Finally, after years of travel on November

eight,: 1521

00;48;12;23 - 00;48;14;08

Luckily for them, the interaction

00;48;14;08 - 00;48;17;17

with the leader of the island

they landed on tea door was friendly.

00;48;17;17 - 00;48;22;11

al-Mansour, the second sultan of tea Door,

welcomed the trade and allegiance

00;48;22;11 - 00;48;23;05

with the Spanish.

00;48;23;05 - 00;48;26;27

His rival, the Sultan of Tonight,

was already working with the Portuguese,

00;48;26;27 - 00;48;30;10

so his plan was to work with the Spanish

and create a wealth that way.

00;48;30;11 - 00;48;32;17

The Spanish

spent over a month with their new allies

00;48;32;17 - 00;48;35;26

trading goods and accruing

large stores of clothes in tow.

00;48;35;27 - 00;48;37;03

When the Spanish departed.

00;48;37;03 - 00;48;41;07

This after establishing this fruitful

relationship, one which al-Mansour

00;48;41;07 - 00;48;45;01

would never see fulfilled in his lifetime,

trouble was back on their tail.

00;48;45;01 - 00;48;47;08

The Trinidad had fallen

into a state of disrepair

00;48;47;08 - 00;48;49;03

and the crew stayed behind to repair it

while.

00;48;49;03 - 00;48;50;27

The Victoria decided to move forward.

00;48;50;27 - 00;48;55;16

The Victoria entered charted waters

st,: 1521

00;48;55;16 - 00;48;59;07

in the Indian Ocean, and took the route

around the Africa, around Africa

00;48;59;07 - 00;49;00;12

to sail back to Spain.

00;49;00;12 - 00;49;02;00

The remainder of the trip for the Victoria

00;49;02;00 - 00;49;05;21

was relatively uneventful, which is good

considering they had more adventure

00;49;05;21 - 00;49;09;06

in the past two years or few years

than most had in their entire lives.

00;49;09;07 - 00;49;12;13

I mean, an additional 20 men

did die of starvation by the time

00;49;12;13 - 00;49;17;11

th of July: 1522

they rounded the Cape of Good Hope just

00;49;17;11 - 00;49;22;10

two months prior on May six, and between

that and Cape Verde on 20 had died.

00;49;22;10 - 00;49;24;20

When they made port,

they were confused by the port officer

00;49;24;20 - 00;49;27;08

telling them that the date was

in fact the 10th of July

00;49;27;08 - 00;49;30;18

and not the ninth as their meticulous

Lee kept records and stated,

00;49;30;18 - 00;49;33;18

We all know that this was the Dateline

change,

00;49;33;19 - 00;49;37;23

which is pretty interesting to see

it noted in such and such an example here.

00;49;37;23 - 00;49;42;07

I also experienced this, but in the

te way a repeat of the day in: 2015

00;49;42;07 - 00;49;45;15

when we crossed the dateline and oddly

enough, in a career full of traditions

00;49;45;15 - 00;49;49;16

and superstitions, it was decided

that we were to repeat Friday the 13th.

00;49;49;23 - 00;49;51;22

It was all downhill from there.

Really? No.

00;49;51;22 - 00;49;55;13

Anyway, the Victoria Crew used

a cover story that they were returning

00;49;55;13 - 00;49;58;29

from returning from the Americas

back to Spain to tell them.

00;49;58;29 - 00;50;02;23

But first, when the ship was inspected,

found to be carrying spices

00;50;02;23 - 00;50;07;03

that were known to come from East

Indies, 13 of the men were apprehended

00;50;07;03 - 00;50;09;12

and thrown in jail

and the remaining crew escaped

00;50;09;12 - 00;50;13;03

their haul of 26 tons of both cinnamon

and cloves untouched by the port.

00;50;13;05 - 00;50;16;00

September six, 15, 22 Victoria

00;50;16;00 - 00;50;19;05

and 18 of its crew arrived in Spain.

00;50;19;05 - 00;50;21;24

Ironically,

the Victoria was the smallest of the ships

00;50;21;24 - 00;50;25;07

on the voyage, as I mentioned before,

and it's the one that made the trip,

00;50;25;10 - 00;50;26;16

which is kind of interesting.

00;50;26;16 - 00;50;27;20

But what about the Trinidad?

00;50;27;20 - 00;50;31;04

Well, they were captured by the Portuguese

after the decision to go back

00;50;31;04 - 00;50;32;04

through the Pacific route,

00;50;32;04 - 00;50;35;09

which seems like a dumb idea

considering all that they went through.

00;50;35;16 - 00;50;39;00

They actually didn't

leave till or until April 15, 22.

00;50;39;00 - 00;50;40;20

So a lot of repairs were needed

00;50;40;20 - 00;50;43;21

or they just really in place

that really enjoyed that place.

00;50;43;21 - 00;50;47;15

Three men deserted following

poor navigation and 30 died from scurvy.

00;50;47;15 - 00;50;50;24

So they turned back to the Moluccas

and it was there when they were captured

00;50;50;24 - 00;50;52;01

by the Portuguese ships.

00;50;52;01 - 00;50;55;07

They had initially expected resistance,

the Portuguese did.

00;50;55;07 - 00;50;58;28

But when they came up closer on the ship,

they realized that this ship and crew

00;50;58;29 - 00;51;00;14

was in no fighting shape.

00;51;00;14 - 00;51;01;27

It was eventually wrecked in a storm

00;51;01;27 - 00;51;04;27

while anchored in a Portuguese poor

after they had been arrested.

00;51;04;28 - 00;51;09;11

All men aboard, all men that had remained

were arrested and only five of them

00;51;09;11 - 00;51;13;00

would eventually be returned to Spain

after several years of hard labor.

00;51;13;05 - 00;51;15;26

So in the words of Borah, great success.

00;51;15;26 - 00;51;16;15

No, no.

00;51;16;15 - 00;51;17;19

Of course, that mission,

00;51;17;19 - 00;51;20;25

while did technically succeed

in the way where it had survivors,

00;51;20;25 - 00;51;24;25

and those survivors did go back

to where they originally came from. Yes.

00;51;24;25 - 00;51;27;05

Maybe if you remember, Magellan

was going to prove

00;51;27;05 - 00;51;30;29

that the Western influence,

which Spain controlled, included Moluccas

00;51;30;29 - 00;51;34;25

and some of the more of the Spice Islands,

and because of this, would give Spain

00;51;34;25 - 00;51;36;27

a foot in the door

with the global trade of spices.

00;51;36;27 - 00;51;38;17

Did they end up proving that?

00;51;38;17 - 00;51;39;05

Not really.

00;51;39;05 - 00;51;43;14

Eventually, after both countries had

several experts in navigation, cartography

00;51;43;14 - 00;51;47;01

and astronomy, dissect the expedition

and the new gained information

00;51;47;01 - 00;51;50;28

to figure out where the Spice Islands lay

for anyone could ever agree.

00;51;50;28 - 00;51;52;23

Portugal paid Charles of Spain.

00;51;52;23 - 00;51;57;10

Now Charles, the fifth of the Holy Roman

Empire 350,000 gold ducats

00;51;57;13 - 00;52;00;13

which in turn which in terms

of how much they could buy back

00;52;00;13 - 00;52;04;15

then were around

$26 in United States dollars now.

00;52;04;15 - 00;52;08;23

So one ducat

had the purchase power of $26 today,

00;52;08;23 - 00;52;11;25

but also it had around $140 in gold value.

00;52;11;25 - 00;52;15;15

So around 9 million on the low

end of the scale, which is pretty decent.

00;52;15;15 - 00;52;18;22

Subsequent voyages had the Spanish

gained control in the Philippines

00;52;18;22 - 00;52;19;16

eventually anyway.

00;52;19;16 - 00;52;22;16

So I don't think Charles was sweating

the loss of control in that way.

00;52;22;17 - 00;52;25;23

Speaking on those follow up

voyages in: 1524

00;52;25;23 - 00;52;29;23

the expedition named after Garcia

Joffer Adele Luisa.

00;52;29;24 - 00;52;33;25

Luisa lead an expedition

following the route of Magellan, albeit

00;52;33;25 - 00;52;35;04

a little more direct.

00;52;35;04 - 00;52;36;27

Sir Francis Drake remember him?

00;52;36;27 - 00;52;40;28

followed Magellan's route in: 1578

which also saw

00;52;40;28 - 00;52;44;08

a lot of randomness, but not nearly

as deadly or intense as this one.

00;52;44;08 - 00;52;47;19

Also, by: 1565

00;52;47;19 - 00;52;51;08

Central America and established

a non canal Panama connection.

00;52;51;08 - 00;52;52;03

Ships coming from

00;52;52;03 - 00;52;55;13

the Philippines would deposit goods

and then they would be transported on land

00;52;55;13 - 00;52;57;18

to the other side

and then loaded onto ships

00;52;57;18 - 00;52;59;26

hat would go back to Spain in: 1960

00;52;59;26 - 00;53;01;08

A big time jump here.

00;53;01;08 - 00;53;04;19

The Magellan route was traced

as closely as possible by a vessel

00;53;04;19 - 00;53;09;03

that was underwater completely

the USS Triton, circumnavigate the globe

00;53;09;03 - 00;53;13;05

using Magellan's route as its baseline,

of course, being a submarine.

00;53;13;05 - 00;53;15;02

So parts that couldn't physically go to.

00;53;15;02 - 00;53;17;12

But for the most part,

it was true to the course.

00;53;17;12 - 00;53;18;17

So that's kind of neat.

00;53;18;17 - 00;53;19;03

And that's it.

00;53;19;03 - 00;53;20;29

About the actual journey,

00;53;20;29 - 00;53;24;25

how did people feel about the journey

and Magellan, after it had been done?

00;53;24;25 - 00;53;27;01

Well, really

realistically, people were not pumped.

00;53;27;01 - 00;53;29;26

Magellan died and with his death

when a lot of the loyalty

00;53;29;26 - 00;53;33;22

that those around him

may have had, the crew of the San Antonio,

00;53;33;22 - 00;53;37;08

which had, you know, double back

back to Spain, spouted plenty of things

00;53;37;14 - 00;53;40;19

that put Magellan in a bad light

and in the eyes of the country.

00;53;40;25 - 00;53;43;08

You know, Portugal already

hated him for being a traitor.

00;53;43;08 - 00;53;46;27

CREW The San Antonio were also put on

trial when they returned without Magellan.

00;53;46;27 - 00;53;50;01

But to escape desertion charges,

they told differing versions

00;53;50;01 - 00;53;51;13

of the events of the mutiny.

00;53;51;13 - 00;53;54;13

And Saint Julian Elcano,

the captain of the Victoria,

00;53;54;13 - 00;53;56;28

when it arrived,

had also taken part in that mutiny.

00;53;56;28 - 00;53;59;11

So when he arrived,

he was questioned by the king.

00;53;59;11 - 00;54;03;09

But instead of bringing the voyages,

chronicler beget Pigafetta.

00;54;03;09 - 00;54;06;23

He brought some other people,

some people loyal to him and was able

00;54;06;23 - 00;54;10;14

to spin the events into making those guys

and himself look better.

00;54;10;14 - 00;54;13;00

Pigafetta was loyal to Magellan

all the way through

00;54;13;00 - 00;54;16;06

and was one of the taking notes

about literally everything all the time

00;54;16;06 - 00;54;17;13

because he was the chronicler.

00;54;17;13 - 00;54;21;01

So acting upon himself,

he would provide copies of his notes

00;54;21;01 - 00;54;25;07

to Charles, the Portuguese, French

and other notable people at the time.

00;54;25;07 - 00;54;28;21

In these notes he published the

he published in: 1524

00;54;28;21 - 00;54;31;11

From that,

there's a passage dedicated to Magellan,

00;54;31;11 - 00;54;35;05

which I'm going to read for you now,

He says Magellan's main virtues

00;54;35;05 - 00;54;38;24

were courage and perseverance

in even the most difficult situations.

00;54;39;00 - 00;54;42;12

For example, he bore hunger and fatigue

better than the rest of us.

00;54;42;14 - 00;54;45;27

He was a magnificent,

practical seaman who understood navigation

00;54;45;27 - 00;54;47;08

better than all of his pilots.

00;54;47;08 - 00;54;48;17

Best proof of his genius

00;54;48;17 - 00;54;51;26

is that he circumnavigated the world done

having preceded him.

00;54;52;03 - 00;54;52;20

Asterix.

00;54;52;20 - 00;54;54;29

I mean,

he technically never circumnavigated that.

00;54;54;29 - 00;54;56;06

I mean, unless he managed

00;54;56;06 - 00;55;00;05

to go to the Philippines before

he had actually went there the last time.

00;55;00;05 - 00;55;02;20

But, you know,

technically didn't actually do it.

00;55;02;20 - 00;55;04;07

But he was the first one

00;55;04;07 - 00;55;08;02

to be assigned to, like,

take this on, which is pretty impressive.

00;55;08;09 - 00;55;10;29

I think that quotes a good place

to kind of back out of Magellan

00;55;10;29 - 00;55;14;00

and kind of wrap up the episode with

some of the things that we learned today.

00;55;14;01 - 00;55;16;15

Number one, absolutely not.

00;55;16;17 - 00;55;18;22

You will not

catch me trying to replicate that journey

00;55;18;22 - 00;55;21;24

with the equivalent equipment

or food at all.

00;55;21;24 - 00;55;27;17

I'll do it in like a massive yacht maybe,

and then maybe, maybe a lot of money.

00;55;27;19 - 00;55;28;09

Insanity.

00;55;28;09 - 00;55;30;23

I also love

the inclusion of St Elmo's Fire,

00;55;30;23 - 00;55;33;24

even though I'm

the one that decided to include that.

00;55;33;24 - 00;55;34;10

I think it's

00;55;34;10 - 00;55;37;04

it is an interesting part of this tale,

and it is unfortunate

00;55;37;04 - 00;55;39;24

that these guys were like,

God, yeah, that's awesome.

00;55;39;24 - 00;55;41;00

So excited.

00;55;41;00 - 00;55;43;06

And then it

and then it only got worse from there.

00;55;43;06 - 00;55;45;21

Really.

00;55;45;21 - 00;55;46;28

Also, literally

00;55;46;28 - 00;55;50;10

so many things went wrong and yet

they just kept pushing forward, obviously.

00;55;50;10 - 00;55;53;11

I mean, what else, what else

could you really do at that point in time?

00;55;53;11 - 00;55;56;25

I do want to know how it was like

for those dudes that got marooned.

00;55;56;25 - 00;56;00;28

But, you know, I don't I don't think

there's anyone one way to tell about that.

00;56;00;28 - 00;56;05;04

Francis Drake did note

that they had found the skulls of humans

00;56;05;06 - 00;56;09;16

that were bleached from the sun

when they arrived in that area.

00;56;09;19 - 00;56;12;03

Some 30 years later, 40 years later.

00;56;12;03 - 00;56;13;06

So that's kind of interesting.

00;56;13;06 - 00;56;17;10

I think one of the biggest things about

Magellan is the glaringly obvious fact

00;56;17;10 - 00;56;21;13

that the man synonymous

with circumnavigation is actually not

00;56;21;13 - 00;56;24;18

the first one to do

so since he died halfway through.

00;56;24;21 - 00;56;28;02

Actually, oddly enough, Enrique,

his slave, may have actually

00;56;28;02 - 00;56;31;17

been the first human to complete

a full circumnavigation of the globe.

00;56;31;17 - 00;56;34;08

Why didn't he dip out in the Philippines?

00;56;34;08 - 00;56;36;29

Yes, but it is believed after the massacre

00;56;36;29 - 00;56;40;15

st,: 1521

he left back to his home.

00;56;40;15 - 00;56;43;11

Magellan's said

he was a native of Malacca,

00;56;43;11 - 00;56;47;29

which is Malaysia today, and Pigafetta

also believed him to be Indonesian.

00;56;47;29 - 00;56;52;02

But he traveled from Malacca

to Portugal with Magellan in: 1511

00;56;52;02 - 00;56;56;09

and then Spain to Cebu

,: 1915

00;56;56;09 - 00;56;58;12

So all he had to do was find his way home.

00;56;58;12 - 00;57;00;13

So all he had to do was find his way home.

00;57;00;13 - 00;57;02;00

And then he would have been the first

00;57;02;00 - 00;57;05;23

human to fully circumnavigate

the globe that we know of.

00;57;05;23 - 00;57;08;16

I mean, kind of we don't actually know.

00;57;08;18 - 00;57;10;01

And since he left

00;57;10;01 - 00;57;15;07

in: 1521

and he was drastically closer

00;57;15;07 - 00;57;18;29

to his home of origin than Elcano

and all the other guys were

00;57;19;00 - 00;57;20;24

because

they had to go all the way to Spain.

00;57;20;24 - 00;57;22;24

He may very well have been the first.

00;57;22;24 - 00;57;24;29

I mean, we're never going to know

because he disappears

00;57;24;29 - 00;57;27;00

from the written record

after the expedition.

00;57;27;00 - 00;57;30;09

Either way, the men on this voyage

sailed through so many obstacles

00;57;30;09 - 00;57;34;01

Crazy distances find diseases, starvation

and everything else.

00;57;34;02 - 00;57;35;06

They traveled an estimated

00;57;35;06 - 00;57;39;03

60,000 miles in total,

which seems excessive, but all of it was,

00;57;39;08 - 00;57;42;08

and they were the first to do so,

which has to count for something.

00;57;42;10 - 00;57;43;26

So with that, let's get out of here.

00;57;43;26 - 00;57;46;20

I hope you all enjoyed that.

I'm very happy with it.

00;57;46;20 - 00;57;50;04

I thought it was very interesting,

a lot more interesting than you kind of

00;57;50;04 - 00;57;51;17

just expect something to go.

00;57;51;17 - 00;57;53;21

I think it had a little bit of everything.

00;57;53;21 - 00;57;56;25

Biography, adventure, tragedy,

you know, let me know what you thought or

00;57;56;25 - 00;58;00;22

what you already knew about Magellan

in the comments on the Facebook, YouTube,

00;58;00;24 - 00;58;01;21

all those things.

00;58;01;21 - 00;58;04;22

You have an idea for a topic,

email me or post it.

00;58;04;22 - 00;58;08;09

Facebook

Email is remedial scholar at gmail.com.

00;58;08;09 - 00;58;12;08

Next week we are keeping old school

but not as old school as this one

00;58;12;11 - 00;58;16;15

and are discussing the life

and tragedy of one Marie Antoinette.

00;58;16;16 - 00;58;19;02

What eighth grade

and the French Revolution?

00;58;19;02 - 00;58;20;09

Mostly the French Revolution.

00;58;20;09 - 00;58;24;13

But I felt like it was time to actually

talk about Marie being as how she is

00;58;24;13 - 00;58;27;22

one of my favorite designs

that I have ever made for the show.

00;58;27;25 - 00;58;30;04

Actually, the shirt I'm wearing right now,

the heads will roll here,

00;58;30;04 - 00;58;33;08

and if you want more of those,

go check out the merch.

00;58;33;10 - 00;58;35;05

Pretty sweet, but yeah.

00;58;35;05 - 00;58;38;16

So next week, going back to France

for like the fourth time

00;58;38;16 - 00;58;41;07

since the show's inception,

I promise it's not on purpose.

00;58;41;07 - 00;58;43;26

But you know, it's interesting.

00;58;43;26 - 00;58;47;08

In the meantime, shares with your friends

review wherever possible,

00;58;47;15 - 00;58;51;25

check out the merch and just keep being

curious and I will see you next time by.